Grammatical cases of nouns and verbs (الحَالَة الإِعْرَابِية)

In previous lessons, we learned about:

☁️ The different cases of nouns and verbs and why it's important to know them. Learn more here.

☁️ We explored the الجَرّ through lessons on حُرُوفُ الجَرّ prepositions and the construction الإضافة

☁️ We covered the النَّصْب for nouns in the topic of المفعول به

☁️ We learned about the النَّصْب and the الجَزْم for verbs. Learn more here.

For your information

A fundamental concept in Arabic grammar is the study of noun cases and verb moods.

Arabic grammar is essentially a discussion of how different rules change the case of a noun or the mood of a verb.

For example: When we study the rule of المفعول به, we note that the المفعول به is always in the النصب.

Grammatical cases (الحَالَة الإِعْرَابِية)

الـرَفْعُ الـجَرُّ الـنَصْبُ الـجَزْم

The case of a word can generally be understood by its final letter.

• 🌸 The الرَّفْع is typically indicated by the vowel mark الضَّمّة
• 🌸 The الجَرّ is typically indicated by the vowel mark كَسْرَة
• 🌸 The النَّصْب is typically indicated by the vowel mark الفَتْحَة
• 🌸 The الجَزْم is typically indicated by the vowel mark السُّكُون

الرَّفْعُ

The الرَفْع applies to both nouns and present tense verbs. For example:

يأكُــلُ مُـحَمَّــدٌ Muhammad eats

If nothing affects a verb or a noun, they are by default in the الرفع.

النَّصْب

The النَّصْب applies to both nouns and present tense verbs. For example:

أَكَلْتُ الـلَّحْــمَ I ate the meat

Since the word اللَّحْمَ is المَفْعُول بِه, it is in the النَّصْب

الـمُدِيرُ لَنْ يُـقْبَــلَ هذه الوَثِيقَــةَ The director will not accept this document

The verb يَقبلَ is in the النَّصْب because of the particle لن, and the noun الوَثِيقَــةَ is in the النَّصْب because it is المَفْعُول بِه.

الـجَرّ

The الجَرّ applies only to nouns, for example:

جَلَسْتُ في الـحَدِيقَــةِ I sat in the garden

In the example above, the word الحَديقةِ is in the الـجَرّ because it is preceded by حَرْفُ الجَرّ

الـجَزْمُ

The الجزم applies only to verbs, for example:

لَـمْ أَنْــدَمْ على شَيْءٍ I do not regret anything

The verb أندمْ is in the الـجَزْمُ because of the influence of the particle لم.