The followers (التَّوَابِع)

In Arabic grammar, followers (التَّوَابِع) refers to a group of grammatical constructs that share the concept of following.

They are called "followers (الـتَـوَابِع)" because they follow* the word that precedes them. They are mainly used for clarification, completion, and so on.

* The word "follow" here means: taking the same: grammatical case, state of definiteness, gender, number

There are four types of followers (الـتَـوَابـِعُ)

1. Conjunction (العَطْفُ)
2. Emphasis (التَّوْكِيد/التَّأْكِيد)
3. Description (النَّعْتُ/الصِّفَةُ)
4. Apposition (البَدَلُ)

العَطْفُ

Conjunction (العَـطْـف) is the connection between the conjoined element (المَعْطُوف) and the element it is conjoined to (المَعْطُوف عليه), using one of the conjunction particles حُرُوفُ العَطْف between them.

The conjunction particles (حُرُوفُ العَطْف) are: وَ, فَ, أَوْ, أَمْ, ثُمَّ, بَلْ, حَتَّى, لَكِنْ, لَا

The المَعْطُوف follows the المَعْطُوفُ عليه in its grammatical case (الإعراب).

أتى مُـحَمَّــدٌ ثُمَّ حامــدٌ Muhammad came, then Hamid

أكـلتُ التُّفاحَ والـمَـوزَ I ate the apple and the banana

التَّوْكِيد (التَّأْكِيد)

Emphasis (التَّأْكِيد) is a construction or word that strengthens the meaning of something. It can be done in two ways:

🔸 Repetition

اِنْتَبِهْ! اِنْتَبِهْ! السَّيَارَةُ تَـمُرُّ Attention! Attention! The car is passing

🔸 Using specific words نَفس، عين، كُلّ

أكَلْتُ السَّمَكَةَ كُلَّــها I ate the entire fish

النَّعْتُ (الصِّفَةُ)

An adjective (الصّفة, النّعت) is a word that is used to describe something, providing additional information about it.

الطِّفْلُ الـمُـهَذَّبُ مـَحْبُوبٌ The polite child is loved

We covered the construction of an adjective (الضفة) in detail in one of the previous lessons

البَدَلُ

Apposition (البدل) is a word that comes to clarify something, providing additional information. It is called this because it can completely replace the word that comes before it.

جَاء الـمُديرُ حَامِدٌ The director, Hamid, came