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In this lesson we look at some special cases of forming the diminutive noun (اِسْمُ التَّصْغِير)
وُلَـيْدٌ من وَلَدٌLittle boy
If a three-letter noun is feminine but has no ة, then ة is added to the end when forming the diminutive
نَـفْسٌ: نُفَيْسَةٌ Little soul
شَـمْسٌ: شُـمَيْسَةٌ Little sun
If a three-letter noun has ألف in the middle, the ألف changes to واو or ياء (depending on which of these two letters is in its root).
Note: the ألف in the middle is not an original letter — the root has either واو or ياء. You can find the original letter from the masdar or the plural of the word
بابٌ: بُـوَيْبٌ Little door
تَاجٌ: تُـوَيْـجٌ Little crown
غَابٌ: غُـيَـيْبٌ Little forest
دارٌ: دُوَيْرَةٌ Little house
If the word ends in ألف or واو, that letter changes to ياء, and this ياء merges with the diminutive ياء of the pattern فُعَيْلٌ
حُلْوٌ: حُلَيٌّ Sweetie
عَصًا: عُصَيّةٌ Little stick
فَتَى: فُتَيّ Young lad
If a three-letter noun ends in ياء preceded by a سكون, the two ياء merge (the one from the root with the one from the pattern فُعَيْل)
ظَبْيٌ: ظُبَيٌّ Little gazelle
سَعْيٌ: سُعَيٌّ Little effort
نَهْيٌ: نُـهَيٌّ Small prohibition
Nouns that are three-letter in origin, but the third letter (واو, ياء, ألف) has been dropped
أَخٌ: أُخَيٌّ Little brother
دَمٌ: دُمَيٌّ A drop of blood
يَدٌ: يُديَّةٌ Little hand
Three-letter nouns with an added ة also form the diminutive using the pattern فُعيْل
لُعْبَةٌ: لُعَيْبَةٌ Little toy
حَبَّةٌ: حُبَيْبَةٌ Little seed
شَـجَرَةٌ: شُـجَيْرَةٌ Little tree
If اء or ى is added to a three-letter noun, ignore it when forming the diminutive
سَـمْرَاءُ: سُـمَـيْـرَاءُ Little dark-skinned one
خَضْرَاءُ: خُضَيْـرَاءُ Little green one
If a three-letter noun ends in ان, the three root letters take the diminutive form and the ending is added afterwards.
نُعمَانُ: نُعَيْمَانُ Nuʿman (name)
سَلمَانُ: سُلَيْمَانُ Salman (name)
أُرَيْـنِبٌ من أَرنَبٌ Bunny
If the second letter of a four-letter noun is ألف
آدمُ: أُوَيْدِمُ Little Adam
فَالِــحٌ: فُـوَيْــلِحٌ Little successful one
قائِـمٌ: قُوَيْــئِمٌ Little standing one
If the third letter is واو or ألف, it becomes ياء and merges with the ياء of the pattern فُعَــيْــعِل, forming a shadda. If the third letter was already ياء, the same happens
غَـزالٌ: غُزَيِّـلٌ Little gazelle
كَــريمٌ: كُرَيِّـمٌ Little generous one
نَبيلٌ: نُـبَـــــيِّـلٌ Little noble one
If ة is added to a four-letter root, it does not take part in forming the diminutive
مَدرسَةٌ: مُـدَيْـرِسَةٌ Little school
قنطَرَةٌ: قُـنَـيْطِرَةٌ Little bridge
مِـحبَرَة: مُـحَـيْـبِرَةٌ Little inkwell
If the ending اء is added to a four-letter root, it does not take part in forming the diminutive
أَربِعاءُ: أُرَيْبِعاءُ Little Wednesday
عَقرَبَاءُ: عُقيْرِباءُ Little scorpion
خُنفُسَاءُ: خُنَيْفِساءُ Little beetle
If a four-letter root ends in ان, the ending does not take part in forming the diminutive
صَوْلَـجَانٌ: صُوَيْلجانٌ Little sceptre
مَـهْرَجَانٌ: مُـهَـيْرِجانٌ Little festival
مُفَيْـتِيحٌ من مِفْتاحٌ Little key
If the 4th letter of a five-letter root is ألف or واو, it becomes ياء
رُمَّانٌ: رُمَيْمِينٌ Little pomegranate
عُصفورٌ: عُصَيْفِيرٌ Little sparrow
قِندِيلٌ: قُـنَيْـدِيلٌ Little lamp
If the second letter is ألف, it changes to واو
نَاقوسٌ: نُوَيْقيسٌ Little bell
حاسُوبٌ: حُوَيْسِيبٌ Little computer
If the second letter is ياء, it changes to واو
مِيزانٌ: مُوَيْزينٌ Little scales
The root of the word is وَزَنَ
ميقاتٌ: مُوَيْقيتٌ Little appointed time
The root of the word is وقت
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