Created about 17 hours ago
The Substitute or Al-Badal (البدل) is a grammatical element that clarifies or specifies the preceding word (المُبْدَلُ عنه), acting as its explanatory substitute.
خَرَجَ الطَّالِبُ أَحْمَدُ The student Ahmad went out
Here, Ahmad is the badal, specifying which student is referred to
خَرَجَ أَحْمَدُ Ahmad went out
In this case, the badal completely replaces the original term, showing its ability to stand alone
The Substitute (البَدْل) is placed after the Antecedent (المُبْدَل عَنه) and agrees with it in gender, number, and definiteness.
The Substitute is of four types:
In this case, البدل completely replaces المُبْدَلُ عَنه. Another name for this type is بَـدل مُطابق
دَخَلَ الـمُدِيرُ حَامِدٌ The manager, Hamid, entered
دَخَلَ حَامِدٌ Hamid entered
Here, the البَدَلُ is a real, tangible part of المُبْدَلُ عَنْه, It's essential for a pronoun to be present.
أُحِبُّ القَصِـرَ أَبْوَابَــهُ I love the palace, its doors
أُحِبُّ أَبْوَابَــهُ I love its doors
Here البَدَل is connected to المُبْدَلُ عَنْه by some quality or characteristic, but it is not a tangible, physical part of it - for example, color or smell. It's essential for a pronoun to be present.
نَـفْعَني الـمُعَلِّمُ عِلمُــهُ The teacher's knowledge benefited me. Literally: The teacher, his knowledge, benefited me
نَـفْعَني عِلمُــهُ His knowledge benefited me
Knowledge is not the teacher himself, but it is associated with him
نَـفْعَني الـمُعَلِّمُ أخْلاقُــهُ The teacher's character benefited me. Literally: The teacher, his character, benefited me
نَـفْعَني أخْلاقُــهُ His character benefited me
This occurs when a word (الـمُبْدَلُ مِنْهُ) is said by mistake, and immediately after it, a substitute (البَدَلُ) follows to correct the error. For example:
رأيت خالدًا محمدًا في الـمَسجدِ I saw Khalid... no, Muhammad at the mosque
The speaker intended to say they saw "Muhammad" but mistakenly said "Khalid", then corrected themselves.
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